On this question of whether a natural disaster can be caused by karma, we have a what looks like an answer from one famous Burmese monk, Venerable Mahathera Ledi Sayadaw:
Bhikkhu Nyana who was later known as Ledi Sayadaw was born on Tuesday, the 13th Waxing of Nattaw, 1208 Burmese Era (1846 C.E.) at Saing-pyin Village, Dipeyin Township, Shwebo District. His parents were U Tun Tha and Daw Kyone. Early in life he was ordained a samanera and at the age of 20 a Bhikkhu, under the patronage of Salin Sayadaw U Pandicca. he received his monastic education under various teachers and later was trained in Buddhist literature by the Venerable San-kyaung Sayadaw, Sudassana Dhaja Atuladhipati Siripavara Mahadhamma Rajadhi- raja-guru of Mandalay.
He wrote a number of manuals on different subjects including one called Niyama Dipani, The Manual of Cosmic Order.
Now I'm not 100% sure but I believe this is based on material in the Abhidhamma Pitaka which is largely a systematization of material in the Sutta Pitaka. (The Burmese have a long tradition of studying the Abhidhamma whereas other Theravada cultures usually focus more on the Suttas.) Note that the English in this translation is somewhat archaic because of the fact that it isn't a modern translation.
The manual categorizes the niyama, or cosmic order, into several areas only one of which is kamma (karma) the moral order:
The Fivefold Niyama is as follows
1. utu-niyama: the caloric order
2. bija-niyama: the germinal order
3. kamma-niyama: the moral order
4. citta-niyama: the psychical order
5. dhamma-niyama: natural phenomenal sequence.[4]
It appears to be the utu-niyama that applies to things like the weather:
The caloric order is the fixed process that determines the four-fold succession of evolution, continuance, revolution (i.e. dissolution), and void of the universe. It is the process that determines the ordered succession of the three seasons-winter, summer and rains.... It is again the same process that determines the specific season in which trees, creepers, shrubs and grasses bring forth flowers and bear fruit. And all this order has been made and created by no 'maker' whatever, whether human, celestial, or divine. Inasmuch as it is accomplished entirely by the fixed (or natural) order that we know as 'utu', it is called utu-niyama, or caloric order.[6]
So as we can see, gross natural events like cyclones, if I understand this properly, should fall under utu-niyama and not under kamma-niyama. Though I'm not entirely sure how this is derived from Abhidhamma, and how that Abhidhamma is derived from the Suttas. So it's not entirely clear to me how "canonical" this view of utu-niyama is.
It's also possible that utu-niyama is refering to general patterns and not specific events. Cause-and-effect continues to be a complex subject, but still a worthy one as we can't hope to understand anything about the universe without it whether it be in the sense of empirical physical science or philosophy.
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